Limb darkening is an effect we can see on the sun where the edges of the sun are darker than the center, due to the amount of photosphere we're looking at.
Solar physicists often speak of the sun's X-ray flux as being high, or low. Solar flares are like waves on the background ocean of the sun's X-ray flux.
We may learn more about the sun's Maunder Minimum - a quiet period of low sunspots in the 1600s and 1700s - thanks to the help of a nearby sun-like star.