Rocks on Mars from its early history – almost four billion years ago - suggest there might have been a habitable environment underneath the surface of the planet.
Large amounts of oxygen released by ocean plankton made breathable atmosphere on Earth for the first time in history. This happened about 500 million years ago.
In the calculus of evolution, your ability to represent, gene-wise, in future generations is your measure of evolutionary fitness. By this calculus, male polygamists rule.