The new elements - elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 - complete the periodic table's seventh row and make science textbooks around the world instantly out-of-date.
Using technology built to withstand the harsh winters, scientists have managed to map the volcanos, rifts, and basins hidden under West Antarctica's ice sheet.
Soon, scientists will decide whether the word Anthropocene should be formally added to the Geologic Time Scale. It indicates a world shaped by human beings.