There was more Arctic sea ice this summer than last. That is true. And yet 2013's summertime Arctic ice melt was still greater than the long-term average.
“By midcentury, we expect to see less reliable surface water supplies in several regions of the United States,” said the study’s lead author, Kristen Averyt.
These prolific fish are already widespread in stretches of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, where they have severely overwhelmed native aquatic communities.
Beneath the ice crust of a frozen ocean, microscopic algae and bacteria thrive. As the Arctic becomes ice-free, they will play a new role in Earth's ecology.