Tonight

See all 5 bright planets in November!

See all five bright planets in November 2020. Three of them – Mars, Jupiter and Saturn – pop out first thing at dusk and nightfall. The other two – Mercury and Venus – are found in the early morning sky (near the star Spica in the constellation Virgo). By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.

The 2021 lunar calendars are here! Order yours before they’re gone. Makes a great gift!

Lineup of photos of planets very close together.
View larger. | Planets and dwarf planets of the solar system. Sizes to scale but distances are not. Visit Heavens-Above for planetary distances. Image via Wikimedia Commons. For a true impression of vast solar system distances to scale, see If the Moon Were Only 1 Pixel.

It just so happens that the November evening planets (Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) are superior planets, planets that orbit the sun outside Earth’s orbit. And it just so happens that the November morning planets (Mercury and Venus) are inferior planets, planets that orbit the sun inside Earth’s orbit.

Sky chart: Slanted green line of ecliptic with dot labeled Mars near it against blue.
The red planet Mars lights up the southeast sky at nightfall.

Here’s how to find the bright evening stars. The first two “stars” to come out as dusk gives way to nightfall are the planets Mars and Jupiter. The brightest “star” to light up the eastern half of sky will be Mars. And the brightest “star” in the western half of the sky will be Jupiter. It’s that simple.

As the sky darkens, watch for the planet Saturn to pop out about 5 degrees to the east of Jupiter. Five degrees is roughly the width of two fingers at arm’s length from the eye. Saturn, although as brilliant as a 1st-magnitude star, pales next to Jupiter, which outshines the ringed planet by 12 times.

Sky chart: 2 labeled dots on ecliptic line with small arrow labeled Pluto.
Look in the southwest sky at nightfall for the bright planets Jupiter and Saturn. For the fun of it, we show the dwarf planet Pluto, although this distant world is way too faint to be seen without a telescope.

Read more: Jupiter gives us Pluto in 2020

Use Venus to find Mercury in the morning sky

You can’t miss Venus, the sky’s brightest planet, in the predawn/dawn sky. This dazzling world ranks as the third-brightest celestial body to bedeck the heavens, after the sun and moon. Find Venus first, and then seek for Mercury beneath this shining beacon and rather close to the horizon an hour or more before sunrise. An unobstructed horizon and binoculars always come in handy for any Mercury quest. Although Mercury is as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, Venus outshines Mercury by about 70 times in early November.

We must warn you that Mercury will be more easily viewed in the Northern Hemisphere. At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Mercury will be deeply buried in the glare of dawn.

If you miss Mercury in early November, don’t fret (if you live at northerly latitudes). Mercury is brightening by the day. In addition, Mercury is climbing higher in the sky, to stay out longer before sunrise. By the time that Mercury reaches its greatest western (morning) elongation from the sun on November 10, it’ll be some three times brighter than it was in the first few days of November, and rising a good 20 minutes earlier.

Mercury’s rising time for 40 degrees north latitude, the equator, and 35 degrees south latitude:

40 degrees north latitude:
November 3: Mercury rises 80 minutes before sunrise
November 19: Mercury rises 100 minutes before sunrise

Equator (0 degrees latitude):
November 3: Mercury rises 60 minutes before sunrise
November 10: Mercury rises 70 minutes before sunrise

35 degrees south latitude:
November 3: Mercury rises 35 minutes before sunrise
November 10: Mercury rises 45 minutes before sunrise

Live in the U.S. or Canada? Find out more specific info at Old Farmer’s Almanac

From virtually anyplace worldwide, get more specific info at TimeandDate

Bottom line: Take advantage of your golden opportunity to view all 5 bright planets in November 2020. Best of all, you don’t have to say up all hours of the night to spot them. Look for Mars, Jupiter and Saturn as soon as night falls. Then use Venus to catch Mercury in the morning sky. Good luck!

Posted 
November 2, 2020
 in 
Tonight

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