The GRAIL mission will study the moon's gravitational field via minute differences in the distance between the two craft as they orbit above the moon's surface.
The newly discovered Earth-size planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, are too close to their star to be in the habitable zone - that is, to have liquid water.
It'll come closest to the black hole in 2013. Astronomers see the gas cloud being stretched - astronomers say "spaghettified" - into an elongated shape.
"Supernova 2011fe is like the Rosetta Stone of Type Ia supernovae," said Shri Kulkarni, who studies it. Scientists said a white dwarf resides in its center.