"The longer we wait, the more difficult it will be to regenerate some of this system, restore the land, which has been degraded over time," says Hans Herren.
Keith Meek said in 10 years time, it might be possible to make a near-perfect artificial cornea, the clear covering of the eye that focuses incoming light.
Joel Breman talked about a new class of drugs, and about bed nets, treated with insecticide, to offer protection against the malaria-carrying mosquito.
Listen to chemical engineer Benjamin Glasser talk about an innovative, cleaner process that could convert coal to liquid gasoline without producing as much carbon dioxide.