Constellations

Lepus the Hare hops through the January sky

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January 18, 2024

Lepus the Hare: Star chart with lines connecting stars of Lepus, plus labels for nearby Rigel and Sirius. — Lepus the Hare is near the southern horizon for viewers in the Northern Hemisphere on January evenings. It lies below the feet of Orion.

Lepus the Hare is a constellation that brushes the southern horizon in winter months for observers at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The Hare is under the feet of Orion the Hunter and beside Orion’s hunting dog, Canis Major. Lepus will move from the southeast to the southwest over the course of each winter night and during the winter season. Meanwhile, for Southern Hemisphere observers, Lepus cuts across the sky in an arc that passes nearly overhead in January.

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The mythology of Lepus

Lepus the Hare is a constellation known since ancient times. Some myths say that nearby Canis Major the Greater Dog pursues the rabbit across the sky. On the other hand, others say that the winged messenger god Hermes placed the speedy rabbit in the sky as an honor.

Antique colored etching: Gray dog with gold collar and the tip of the paws white. A brown rabbit with the tip of the nose and legs white. — Canis Major and Lepus from Urania’s Mirror, a set of celestial cards from the 1800s. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

The stars of Lepus the Hare

The 2nd and 3rd magnitude stars of Lepus look a bit like a pinwheel with stars streaming out from its center. So, do the stars form the shape of the limbs or ears of a rabbit to you? The brightest star in this pinwheel is the star at the center, Alpha Leporis. Also known as Arneb, Alpha Leporis is magnitude 2.58 and shines from a great distance of 1,284 light-years. The next brightest star in Lepus is three degrees south of Alpha. Beta Leporis, or Nihal, is magnitude 2.81 and lies almost 10 times closer than Alpha, at 160 light-years. No other stars in Lepus have formal names.

Star chart with white background and black dots for stars. Many stars are conected via green lines to create constellations. — Lepus the Hare is close to the bright stars Rigel in Orion and Sirius in Canis Major. Image via Wikimedia Commons/ International Astronomical Union/ Sky and Telescope.

Lepus’s globular cluster

Lepus contains one Messier object, M79. M79 is a globular cluster, a huge group of ancient stars that orbits the Milky Way. You can find it by using the stars Alpha and Beta. Draw a line from Alpha to Beta, which will be about three degrees in length, and then continue the line straight south for four degrees until you come upon the 8th magnitude globular cluster. You can spot it in binoculars from a dark sky, but it looks even better in a telescope.

M79 lies about 40,000 light-years away from Earth but 60,000 light-years away from the galactic center. Notably, its location is unusual for a globular cluster. Most globular clusters are closer to the galaxy’s core than we are, orbiting the general bulk at its center. M79, however, is farther away, on the outskirts of the galaxy. Indeed, this discovery leads scientists to believe it is actually an extragalactic cluster.

In fact, some scientists believe the globular cluster M79 once belonged to a neighboring dwarf galaxy that the Milky Way ate. Others believe the dim, dispersed dwarf galaxy still exists just beyond the Milky Way but that it will soon intermingle and become part of the Milky Way’s stars.

Cluster of thousands of white, orange and blue dots. The brightest dots also have little spikes. — The globular cluster M79 in Lepus lies on the far outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy, an unusual location for a globular cluster. Image via Wikimedia Commons/ ESA/ NASA.

Bottom line: Lepus the Hare is a constellation that lies below Orion. You can best spot it on January evenings. It’s home to globular cluster M79.

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January 18, 2024

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Constellations

Kelly Kizer Whitt

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About the Author:

Kelly Kizer Whitt has been a science writer specializing in astronomy for more than two decades. She began her career at Astronomy Magazine, and she has made regular contributions to AstronomyToday and the Sierra Club, among other outlets. Her children’s picture book, Solar System Forecast, was published in 2012. She has also written a young adult dystopian novel titled A Different Sky. When she is not reading or writing about astronomy and staring up at the stars, she enjoys traveling to the national parks, creating crossword puzzles, running, tennis, and paddleboarding. Kelly lives in Wisconsin.