Three new papers strengthen the case that Earth's first life began at alkaline hydrothermal vents at the bottoms of oceans. Scientists are interested in understanding early life on Earth to aid in the search for life elsewhere.
This research may pave the way for new methodologies for understanding anxiety and other emotions, as well as substances, like alcohol, that alter them.
Among competing hypotheses: a paired male protects his offspring from other males, who may kill an unrelated infant to improve chances of reproducing with the mother.
The planet - HD 189733b - is a hot Jupiter, similar in size to Jupiter but more than 30 times closer to its star than Earth is to the sun. It orbits its star once every 2.2 days.