"It's vitally urgent that we reduce emissions as fast as possible and prepare to adapt to changes that will be inevitable because of climate change that is already underway," says Lubchenco.
"In many ways, the questions that are still outstanding about what causes ice ages are extremely relevant for also understanding our current situation," says Huybers.
Feely says oceans are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which makes them more acidic. He advises 'drastic atmospheric CO2 emission reductions, on the order of 80% by 2050' to avoid serious damage to ocean ecosystems.
Every winter, people in North America are encouraged to go outside and count birds, for science. A report on the 2009 winter bird count, aka the Christmas bird count.
It is bittersweet to reach the end of a season in Antarctic. It is good to be going home, the data that we have collected shows me there is a sobering trend.