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Editors of EarthSky

October birthstone: Colorful opal and tourmaline

Take your pick: the October birthstone is either the striking iridescent opal or the many-colored tourmaline. Learn the lore of these pretty gemstones here.

How many stars can you see on a moonless night?

Have you ever wondered how many stars are visible on a given night? It all depends on how dark your sky is, what your age is, and other limiting factors.

We have 4 seasons each year, but why?

Some assume our planet's changing distance from the sun causes the 4 seasons. But it's actually the tilt of the Earth's axis.

Cassiopeia the Queen ascends in September and October

Cassiopeia the Queen is an easy-to-find constellation. It has the shape of a W or M. Look in the north-northeast sky on September and October evenings.
Astronomy Essentials

Saturn’s rings: Top tips for beginners

If you want to see Saturn's rings, September 2025 is a great time to look. Grab a telescope, find a dark sky and read the tips found here!

Sapphire: September birthstone comes in many colors

Sapphire, the September birthstone, is typically blue, the color caused by small amounts of titanium and iron in the crystal structure.

Do bees die after they sting you?

Do bees die after they sting you? Only the honeybee dies after stinging you, and only female bees have stingers. The female honeybee dies protecting its home.

The Winter Circle: Catch in the morning before dawn

The majestic Winter Circle isn't a constellation. It's an asterism, a giant circle - or hexagon - figure made up of bright stars from several constellations.

The return of Sirius in the morning signals seasonal change

A sign of the changing season is the return of Sirius before sunup. Want to make sure you've spotted Sirius? The 3 stars in Orion's Belt point to it.

Do you love twilight? The 3 stages explained

Twilight is that magical time between sunlight and darkness. Astronomers, the experts on nighttime, recognize three stages of twilight.