The Brood X cicadas are emerging now

Citizen scientists are reporting the emergence of the Brood X cicadas happening right now. As of May 10, 2021, the Cicada Safari app shows thousands of reports from people spotting cicadas in their own yards. Some of the places seeing the most reports are around Washington, D.C.; Bethesda, Maryland; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Cincinnati, Ohio. Even places as far north and west as Detroit, Chicago and St. Louis have had sightings. If you live within these areas and haven’t seen or heard them yet, just wait.

Twitter is also buzzing with cicada sightings, with posts ranging from people announcing their cicada encounters to odder posts urging those with shellfish allergies not to eat them.

If you want to help track the emergence of the Brood X cicadas, download the free Cicada Safari app for iOS or Android, and then, when you see a cicada, snap a photo and submit it to have your cicada added to a live map.

If you’ve spotted a cicada, share a photo of it with us at EarthSky Community Photos.

"Here they come!"
Now the fun starts. This is #1 of a few billion that will be popping up in a few days. Still haven't found the red-eyed big that crawled out of this. I have a feeling one of the neighborhood birds beat me to it. #cicadas@AvaWBAL @TonyPannWBAL pic.twitter.com/xpmNpVXgbw

— Bill Vanko (@VankoVision) May 10, 2021

My friend in Bethesda just sent me this picture from her neighbor’s tree. They’ve arrived. #BroodX pic.twitter.com/GoizxppO4U

— Colby Itkowitz (@ColbyItkowitz) May 10, 2021

People, the Cicadas are here pic.twitter.com/oK6DGwqmmU

— Andy Wright (@AndyMcCanse) May 10, 2021

If you have a shellfish allergy, you should avoid eating the emerging Brood X cicadas in America.

Cicadas are effectively land-shrimp, and reportedly taste like them as well.

(Image: Pmjacoby; CC BY-SA.) pic.twitter.com/kj7ImKFfYO

— Quite Interesting (@qikipedia) May 10, 2021

Over the next month or so, billions of cicadas will emerge in a dozen U.S. states, from New York west to Illinois and south into northern Georgia, including hot spots in Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. This group of cicadas, known as Brood X (as in the Roman numeral 10) is among the geographically largest of all 17-year periodical cicadas.

Periodical cicadas usually start to emerge in early- to mid-May when the soil temperature reaches 64 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius). In 2017, a few cicadas emerged as early as April 26, but large appearances began on May 16. The timing of their appearance varies by location, said West Virginia University biologist Matt Kasson. He told the New York Times earlier this month:

They are ready but waiting for the soil to be warm enough. The ideal soil temperature for cicadas is about 64 degrees [Fahrenheit]. For the Mid-Atlantic region, that usually comes by about the third week of May, but it could be sooner. Usually, you have stragglers on either side.

Often, the cicadas will emerge after a soaking rain. If you want to monitor soil temperatures where you live to determine when the cicada emergence will begin, here’s a step-by-step guide on just how to do it.

For about four to six weeks after the cicadas emerge, woods and neighborhoods will ring with their buzzing mating calls. After the cicadas mate, each female will lay hundreds of eggs in thin tree branches. Then the adult cicadas will die. When the eggs hatch, new cicada nymphs (cicadas before they’re fully grown) will fall from the trees and burrow back underground, starting the 17-year cycle again.

The cicadas won’t hurt you. They don’t sting and they’re not venomous. Cicadas get a bad rap because they remind people of the biblical plagues of locusts (a different insect) that would eat entire crop fields. But the cicadas set to emerge this spring in the United States are harmless to humans and won’t wipe out fields or gardens.

There are perhaps 3,000 to 4,000 species of cicadas around the world, but the 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas are unique to eastern North America.

After 17 years underground, sucking sap from tree roots, the cicadas will surface en masse. Dime-sized holes (about 2 cm) will litter the ground where the emerging nymphs crawl up toward daylight. The cicadas’ only defense against predators is to arise together in an enormous swarm, overwhelming the predators’ ability to eat them all. This technique is called predator satiation. As many as 1.5 million cicadas per acre (4,000 square meters) can cover some areas of the eastern United States.

Once above ground, the cicadas announce their arrival. The main aggravation cicadas inflict on the rest of us is their loud, buzzing mating call. The males head toward the tops of trees and let out a loud whirring noise that can fill the air at up to 80 to 100 decibels, equal to the intensity of a lawn mower or motorcycle. During the last emergence of the Brood X cicadas in 2004, the PGA’s Memorial Tournament in Dublin, Ohio, was awash in the nonstop buzz of cicadas, providing a noisy backdrop to television coverage as the golfers played 72 holes over the course of four days.

The main damage that cicadas inflict on the landscape comes when female cicadas drill holes into slender tree branches, where they then lay their eggs. To protect younger or vulnerable trees, cover them with netting to keep the cicadas away.

The eggs deposited by the females will eventually hatch, producing nymphs the size of a grain of rice. Those nymphs fall off the trees and burrow underground, beginning their 17 years of subterranean life, while above ground, their parents end their life stage, the carcasses piling up under trees and on the grass, returning nutrients to the soil that will feed the trees and eventually their children, who dine off the sap of the tree roots.

The whole cycle of emergence, predation, mating, birth and death will take place over the course of about six weeks before the landscape again returns to its former state to await the next emergence in 2038.

Bottom line: Reports are beginning to come in from D.C., Tennessee, Ohio and more as the 17-year periodical Brood X cicadas emerge from their subterranean dwellings.